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MalaCards adopts a 'flat' disease-card approach, but each card is mapped to popular hierarchical ontologies (e.g. MalaCards' capacity to inter-link information from complementary sources, along with its elaborate search function, relational database infrastructure and convenient data dumps, allows it to tackle its rich disease annotation landscape, and facilitates systems analyses and genome sequence interpretation. This is accompanied by other gene-related disease information such as pathways, mouse phenotypes and GO-terms, stemming from MalaCards' affiliation with the GeneCards Suite of databases. A central feature is a balanced Genes section, with scores reflecting the strength of disease-gene associations. The Aliases and Classifications section reflects an algorithm for disease name integration across often-conflicting sources, providing effective annotation consolidation. It portrays a broad array of annotation topics in 15 sections, including Summaries, Symptoms, Anatomical Context, Drugs, Genetic Tests, Variations and Publications.
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MalaCards has a web card for each of ∼20 000 disease entries, in six global categories. Read the ePassport Basics section to learn more about the kinds of information needed to conduct ePassport validation.The MalaCards human disease database () is an integrated compendium of annotated diseases mined from 68 data sources.
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In addition, the ICAO PKD ensures that information can be exchanged reliably, in a timely manner and on an open-ended, indefinite basis.
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The ICAO PKD provides an efficient means for States to upload their own information and download that of other States.īy playing the role of central broker for this information, the ICAO PKD ensures that information adheres to the technical standards required to achieve and maintain interoperability. Should states only have the option to exchange the necessary information bilaterally, the volume of information being exchanged would result in a highly complex and ineffective system that would be susceptible to errors. This authentication - usually referred to as ePassport validation-is the process of validating the authenticity and integrity of an ePassport by verifying the digital signature on the chip.įor the border control of a receiving State to authenticate the ePassport of a foreign traveler, the receiving State must have access to certain information from the issuing State. If the chip is not authenticated at border control, the ePassport has little advantage over a traditional, non-electronic passport.
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However, those benefits can only be realized when border control authenticates the chip. The ICAO Public Key Directory (PKD) is a central repository for exchanging the information required to authenticate electronic Machine Readable Travel Documents (eMRTDs) such as ePassports, electronic ID cards and Visible Digital Seals.ĮPassports play a particular crucial role as the principle identity document used in intenrnational travel. The security and facilitation advantages of ePassports are grounded in the presence of an integrated closed circuit chip.